The issue of child recruitment and use by terrorist actors has grown disproportionately over the past several years. In its contemporary dimension, the involvement of children in terrorism has emerged as a critical trend in the tactics and strategies of violent extremist organizations in irregular warfare and, more broadly, in advancing their agendas. This practice has extended to all Salafi-jihadist groups in the Middle East, the Horn of Africa, Asia, and the Sahel, and is recognized as a phenomenon identifiable across the entire ideological spectrum. Terrorist and violent extremist organizations recruit, use, and exploit children in numerous ways, including for the perpetration of severe terrorism-related offenses and acts of violence under international law. The alleged involvement of children in terrorism and terrorism-related activities raises fundamental questions regarding the legal frameworks, procedures, and authorities to which these children should be subjected. This technical session aimed to provide guidance on how to address the needs and rights of children in contact with the justice system in such high-stakes scenarios, ensuring responses are both effective and human-rights centered.