The emergence and evolution of the Islamic State over the past two decades have profoundly shaped regional stability and international security. Stemming from the chaos of post-invasion Iraq, IS capitalized on sectarian tensions and power vacuums, swiftly expanding its territorial reach and employing brutal tactics that garnered global attention. Despite military defeats and leadership changes, IS has proven resilient, adapting its strategies and leveraging online platforms to radicalize youth worldwide. Today, IS remains a multifaceted threat, with fighters dispersing globally and orchestrating attacks in Europe, Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The future of IS is uncertain, with potential scenarios including resurgence or fragmentation, each posing distinct security implications. Countering this persistent threat demands adaptive strategies and collaboration on a global scale. What is the current assessment of the threats posed by ISIS in both conflict and non-conflict zones? How instrumental is child recruitment and radicalization in ISIS expansion strategy across regional provinces? What are the forecasts for the future of ISIS and the targeting of children in the coming decades?